Leveraged ETFs: A Most Unsavoury Business

One observes, with a weary sigh, that the financial world continues to devise ever more ingenious methods of separating the hopeful from their money. The latest manifestation of this tiresome trend is the leveraged ETF. These instruments, you see, promise to amplify gains – and, naturally, losses – on an underlying index, such as the S&P 500. Direxion’s Daily S&P 500 Bull 3x Shares (SPXL +0.04%), for instance, attempts to triple the daily performance of said index. A rather bold claim, wouldn’t you agree? One suspects hubris is involved.

The mechanics are, frankly, a bit vulgar. Essentially, a fund wishing to triple its return secures a short-term loan – a “total return swap,” they call it – from a bank. Imagine, if you will, a rather desperate request for a substantial advance. If one desires to triple a $100 million investment in the S&P 500, the partner bank is asked to invest a further $300 million on their behalf. It’s a bit like asking a friend to cover your losses at the casino, only with slightly more paperwork.

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The bank, naturally, expects recompense. They agree to pay the fund triple the S&P 500’s daily gain from this “invested loan,” but collect interest on the entire $300 million until the contract expires. A perfectly reasonable arrangement, from their perspective. The structure, however, is frightfully risky. It triples gains on a good day, certainly, but also triples losses on a bad one. A rather dramatic proposition, wouldn’t you say? One pictures a great deal of frantic hand-wringing.

Furthermore, these gains and losses aren’t cumulative, which is a rather clever way of ensuring the cycle of anxiety continues unabated. The funds also need to charge rather exorbitant fees to cover their interest expenses. SPXL, for example, boasts a net expense ratio of 0.87%. A princely sum, wouldn’t you agree? These leveraged ETFs might appeal to the sort of individual who enjoys a flutter, but for the long-term investor, they’re about as sensible as wearing spats to a football match. A thoroughly tiresome business, all in all.

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2026-02-16 21:05