
Bristol Myers Squibb, a purveyor of pharmaceuticals, maintains a vast portfolio, a testament to years of research and, inevitably, the expiration of intellectual property. Last year, ten of its products each generated over a billion dollars in revenue – a considerable sum, yet one shadowed by the looming specter of patent cliffs. The company, like a diligent gardener, cultivates new therapies even as older ones wither, a necessary cycle in this relentless pursuit of profit. The impending loss of exclusivity for Eliquis and Opdivo, its two leading revenue generators, presents a challenge, a tightening of the noose on future earnings. This is not a failure of ingenuity, but a fundamental characteristic of the system – a planned obsolescence inherent in the pursuit of innovation.