Through numerous social and historical factors, women have often been overshadowed in literature’s grand tapestry, but that doesn’t mean they weren’t there; their contributions were simply understated. To correct this imbalance, we at Fiction Horizon are excited to present you with a curated list of the 30 most outstanding female authors in literary history that you absolutely must read during your lifetime. This list will provide you with essential biographical details about them and recommendations for their works, taking you on an inspiring journey from the ancient times of Greece to modern eras!
1. Virginia Woolf
Virginia Woolf, originally named Adeline Virginia Alexandra Stephen, hailed from London and was born on January 25, 1882. She passed away in Rodmell, UK, on March 28, 1941. Known as a British author, she stood out among the leading modernist writers of the 20th century. During the interwar period, she was an influential figure within London’s literary circle and a key member of the Bloomsbury Group—an assemblage of English authors, artists, and philosophers.
Virginia Woolf’s seminal works such as “Mrs Dalloway” (1925), “To the Lighthouse” (1927), “Orlando” (1928) and “The Waves” (1931), along with her influential feminist essay, “A Room of One’s Own” (1929), continue to be her most celebrated pieces. In 1941, at the age of 59, Virginia took her life by drowning in the River Ouse near Monk’s House, a residence she shared with her husband Leonard Woolf, in the village of Rodmell.
2. Jane Austen
Born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire, England, Jane Austen, a renowned English author, passed away on July 18, 1817 in Winchester, the same county. Her works are celebrated for their keen realism, biting social commentary, and expert use of free indirect discourse, as well as her distinctive wit and irony. These qualities have solidified her status as one of England’s most widely read and cherished literary figures.
Throughout her entire life, Jane Austen was deeply rooted in a tightly-knit family circle, being part of the modest English nobility. Her brothers James and Henry, along with her father, played significant roles in fostering her love for reading. However, it was her father’s extensive library that served as an unlimited source of inspiration for her to delve into literature. The consistent backing of her family proved crucial in shaping Jane Austen into a successful professional author.
From her teenage years to about age 25, Jane Austen honed her craft as an artist. During this time, she dabbled in various literary styles, such as the epistolary novel, although she eventually moved away from it. She also drafted and extensively revised three significant novels, and started work on a fourth.
Between the years 1811 and 1816, Jane Austen saw great success with the publication of four novels: “Sense and Sensibility” (anonymously published in 1811), “Pride and Prejudice” in 1813, “Mansfield Park” in 1814, and “Emma” in 1816. Two more novels, “Northanger Abbey” (originally written as early as 1803) and “Persuasion”, were published after her death in 1818. Tragically, she didn’t get to complete her last work, titled “Sanditon”, which she started in January 1817 but was unable to finish before her passing.
3. Agatha Christie
Agatha Christie, a prolific British writer, penned countless mystery novels. Notably, she created two iconic characters: Hercule Poirot, a Belgian detective, and Miss Marple, an amateur sleuth. These characters have earned her the title of “the Queen of Crime.” In truth, Agatha Christie is considered one of the most influential and groundbreaking authors in the realm of detective fiction.
Besides writing numerous novels with a sentimental touch under the pen name Mary Westmacott, Agatha Christie is globally recognized as one of the most celebrated authors and is considered to be the second most widely read Anglo-Saxon writer after William Shakespeare. Furthermore, she holds the title for being the world’s most translated author.
She’s penned 66 novels, 154 short tales, and 20 stage productions; these pieces have been translated into numerous tongues. Many of her narratives unfold within confined settings, inviting readers to speculate on the perpetrator’s identity before the story concludes. The intrigue in her stories typically comes from the unexpected resolution of the mystery. Her novels, short stories, and even adaptations have been brought to life on screen, video games, and TV.
4. Sylvia Plath
Sylvia Plath, born on October 27, 1932, in Jamaica Plain, a suburb of Boston, and passed away on February 11, 1963, in Primrose Hill (London), was an esteemed American author and poet. She wrote poems, novels, short stories, children’s books, and essays. Although she gained international acclaim for her poetry, she also garnered notoriety due to “The Bell Jar,” an autobiographical novel that vividly portrays the early onset of her depression during her adult years. Her life, works, and literary style have been the focus of extensive scholarly analysis worldwide.
5. Sappho
Sappho was a renowned Greek poet who lived around 7th and 6th centuries BC on the island of Lesbos, specifically in a town called Mytilene. She was highly admired during ancient times, but her poetry only remains in fragmented form today (such as Oxyrhynchus Papyri no. 7). Sappho is recognized for her writings about her attraction towards young women; this is where the term “sapphism” originated to describe female homosexuality. On the other hand, the term “lesbian” comes from Lesbos, the island she inhabited.
6. Emily Dickinson
Emily Dickinson hailed from an affluent family with deep roots within the community. Known more for her solitary and private lifestyle, she was, in fact, an accomplished American poet. After receiving education during her younger years at the Amherst Academy, she spent some time at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before eventually returning to reside in her family’s home in Amherst.
Known as an unusual neighbor due to her preference for white attire and disinclination towards social visits or venturing outside her room, she typically nurtured friendships through letters. Despite penning approximately 1,800 poems in her lifetime, only a small fraction were published during that period. Any published works were often altered by editors to fit the poetic norms of the time.
Emily Dickinson’s poems stand out distinctly from her contemporaries; they are characterized by brief lines, lack of titles, and frequent use of irregular rhyme, capitalization, and unique punctuation. Frequently, themes of death and immortality emerge in both her poetry and letters to her intimate acquaintances.
Emily Dickinson’s literary works were largely unknown during her lifetime as most people only knew she wrote. It wasn’t until her death in 1886 that her younger sister Lavinia discovered a trove of poems, leading to the first posthumous collection being published in 1890. This publication was overseen by Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd, who made significant changes to its content.
In my perspective, it wasn’t until Thomas H. Johnson’s 1955 edition, titled “The Poems of Emily Dickinson,” that a comprehensive and largely intact compilation of her works saw the light. Initially, Emily Dickinson faced harsh criticism and doubts about her literary prowess in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. However, Anglo-Saxon critics today acknowledge her as a significant figure in American poetry.
7. Mary Shelley
Mary Shelley, born as Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin on August 30, 1797, in Somers Town (now part of Camden district) London, and who passed away on February 1, 1851, in Belgravia, London, was a multifaceted British author. She penned novels, plays, essays, biographies, and travelogues. However, she is most renowned for her work “Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus”.
Born in 1797, Mary Godwin was the daughter of renowned feminist philosopher Mary Wollstonecraft and political writer William Godwin. Tragically, she lost her mother just ten days after birth. Four years later, her father remarried. Godwin nurtured an enriched education for his daughter and fostered her adherence to his progressive political views. In the year 1814, Mary Godwin embarked on a romantic relationship with Percy Bysshe Shelley, a supporter of Godwin’s and a married man at that time.
Alongside Claire Clairmont, who was the daughter of Mary’s mother-in-law, the duo embarked on a journey across Europe. For the following two years, Mary and Percy faced struggles with longstanding debt and the tragic loss of their child. They tied the knot in 1816, following the suicide of Percy’s previous spouse. In the year 1816, during a sojourn close to Geneva, Mary (who later became known as Mary Shelley after her marriage) penned her debut novel, Frankenstein.
In the year 1818, the Shelley family departed from the United Kingdom and moved to Italy. Tragically, their second and third child perished there before Mary Shelley gave birth to Percy Florence Shelley, who was the only one to survive. In 1822, her husband met a watery fate in the Gulf of Spezia during a fierce storm. A year later, Mary Shelley returned to England and dedicated herself entirely to the upbringing and literary career of her son. The final decade of his life was marred by health issues. She succumbed to a brain tumor on February 1, 1851.
8. Charlotte Brontë
Born on April 21, 1816, in Thornton (Adams County), and passing away on March 31, 1855, in Haworth (Bergen County), Charlotte Brontë was an acclaimed English author. She was the third child of Reverend Patrick Brontë, who belonged to a humble family with six children. Her father, educated at the University of Cambridge, instilled in her and her siblings – four sisters and a brother – his love for learning and his perspective on life.
Yet, even as a young girl, she was acutely aware of the grief that claimed her mother and two elder sisters, victims of tuberculosis. Despite her gender and financial constraints, she found a way to publish not only her own poems but also those of her sisters (under masculine pseudonyms) in 1846. Most significantly, she authored her seminal work, Jane Eyre, which would go on to achieve classic status in English and global literature, leaving an indelible mark on cultural history through various film adaptations.
9. Anna Akhmatova
Anna Akhmatova, also known as Anna Andreyevna Gorenko, was born on June 11, 1889 (June 23 in the Gregorian calendar) in Odessa and passed away on March 5, 1966 in Moscow. She is recognized as one of the most influential Russian poets of the 20th century. As a muse to the poetic movement of acmeists, she was affectionately referred to as “The Queen of the Neva” or “The Soul of the Silver Age”. To this day, Anna Akhmatova stands as one of the most significant figures in Russian literature.
Akhmatova’s literary output encompasses both compact, lyrical pieces – a form she significantly contributes to refining, and extensive poetic symphonies, such as her haunting magnum opus Requiem, which serves as a profound commentary on the atrocities of Stalinist oppression. Her work consistently explores themes like the inexorable flow of time, personal memories, the plight of female artists, and the challenges of navigating artistic expression under the looming specter of Stalinism.
10. Wisława Szymborska
Maria Wisława Szymborska was a renowned Polish poet who hails from our times. In 1996, she received the Nobel Prize for Literature, and her works have earned her numerous other accolades as well. As a result, she is often regarded as the foremost Polish poet of contemporary times, cherished by poetry enthusiasts around the globe. In Poland, her books have garnered sales similar to blockbuster novels, reaching over half a million copies sold. However, humorously, Szymborska herself noted in a poem titled “Some Like Poetry” that only two out of every thousand people are fond of poetry.
11. Harper Lee
Born on April 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama, Harper Lee – also known as Nelle Harper Lee – passed away on February 19, 2016 in the same city. Known primarily as an American novelist, she gained fame for her novel “To Kill a Mockingbird,” which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961. This timeless work has sold over forty million copies and is considered a cornerstone of American literature, often studied in high schools across the U.S., and frequently ranked at the top by literary critics and booksellers. In recognition of her significant contribution to literature, President George W. Bush presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007.
12. Louisa May Alcott
Born in America, Louisa May Alcott is primarily recognized for her novel “Little Women”. Being the second of four daughters, her education was overseen by a progressive father who had unique ideas about child-rearing, as well as Henry David Thoreau, a renowned poet and educator. Interestingly, she didn’t attend any formal school, but learned from Ralph Waldo Emerson, a transcendentalist philosopher.
From a young age, she began crafting stories, and it wasn’t until 1848 that she published her first book. Her father’s volatile temper and financial struggles caused constant discord within the family, leading them to work at an early age. The sisters rotated through various roles such as occasional teacher, seamstress, governess, household help, and writer.
In her maturity, she championed the cause of ending slavery and women’s liberation. She penned a memoir detailing her nursing exploits during the American Civil War, followed by her first novel in 1864. Three years on, she was tasked with managing a children’s newspaper and crafting tales for young audiences. This endeavor led to the publication of Little Women in 1868, which became her most renowned work among numerous novels.
A depiction of life in America during the latter half of the 19th century, this book became incredibly popular and led to a follow-up titled “Good Wives” in 1869. Additionally, there are other books about the March sisters: “The Dream of Jo March” and “The Great Family of Jo March“. Unfortunately, she fell ill with typhoid fever while serving in the Civil War and struggled with ongoing health issues. Tragically, she passed away in Boston on March 6, 1888, just two days after her father’s demise.
13. Pearl S. Buck
Pearl S. Buck, more commonly known by her name Sai Zhen, was an American novelist who predominantly resided in China for most of her life prior to 1934. Born to missionaries, and later serving as a missionary herself, she spent much of her childhood in the city of Zhenjiang. The family would also spend their summers at a villa in Kuling City, Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. During these annual visits, young Pearl decided to pursue a career in writing.
In 1931 and 1932, The Good Earth topped the sales charts in the United States and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. Four years later, Pearl S. Buck was bestowed with the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938. Her win made her the first American woman to receive this prestigious honor. Born in America, she spent around forty years of her life residing in China, having been taken there by her missionary parents at just three months old. Known by her married name, Buck, she is celebrated for her vivid and epic portrayals of Chinese peasant life as well as her biographical works of exceptional skill.
14. Emily Brontë
Emily Jane Brontë, born on July 30, 1818 in Thornton and passed away on December 19, 1848 in Haworth, England, was a renowned British poet and novelist. She was the sister of Charlotte Brontë and Anne Brontë. Known for her only novel “Wuthering Heights“, which is esteemed as a masterpiece in English and global literature, Emily had an exceptionally tight bond with her sister Anne, so much so that they were often likened to twins. Together with Anne, she was part of the fictional realm called “Gondal“. Emily penned numerous poems, many of which were created within the context of the “Gondal” cycle.
15. Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein, born on February 3, 1874, in Allegheny West, Pennsylvania, and passed away on July 27, 1946, at the American Hospital in Neuilly-sur-Seine close to Paris, was an influential American writer, poet, playwright, and feminist. For most of her life, she resided in France, playing a pivotal role in the evolution of modern literature and art. Her collection and publications helped popularize Cubism, with a particular emphasis on the works of Picasso, Matisse, and Cézanne.
16. George Eliot
George Eliot, originally named Mary Ann or Mary Anne Evans, was a highly esteemed British novelist who was born on November 22, 1819 in Nuneaton and passed away on December 22, 1880 in the Chelsea district of London. Often recognized as one of the most influential Victorian authors, her novels, primarily set in rural England, were renowned for their vivid realism and deep psychological explorations. To ensure her work was treated with gravitas, she adopted a pen name that carried masculine connotations.
In this era, an author might have chosen to publish under a male pseudonym rather than her real name, as it would prevent her works from being dismissed as mere romance novels. Additionally, using a male pen name could have allowed her to establish herself independently from her established career as an editor and critic, while keeping her private life, particularly her long-term relationship with George Henry Lewes, a married man, out of public scrutiny.
17. Simone de Beauvoir
Born on January 9, 1908, and passing away on April 14, 1986, in Paris – a city that served as her birthplace and resting place – Simone de Beauvoir was a renowned French author and philosopher, distinguished for her novels, memoirs, and essays. In 1954, she won the prestigious Goncourt Prize for her novel Les Mandarins, which gained global popularity along with her other works such as L’Invitée (1943) and Le Sang des autres (1945). Known as a significant figure in feminist thought, particularly due to her book, The Second Sex, published in 1949, Simone de Beauvoir was an active participant in the women’s liberation movement during the 1970s. She spent much of her life with fellow philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, although their philosophical viewpoints differed despite their close relationship.
18. Marguerite Duras
Marguerite Duras, originally known as Marguerite Donnadieu, was a prominent French author, playwright, screenwriter, and director. Born on April 4, 1914, in Gia Định (close to Saigon) which was part of French Indochina at the time, she passed away in Paris on March 3, 1996. Her innovative and contemporary work significantly revitalized the novel genre and disrupted traditional theatrical and cinematic norms, making her a significant figure in literature during the latter half of the 20th century.
Initially linked to the “new novel” literary movement, she subsequently released numerous novels that showcased her unique style, characterized by the rearrangement of sentences, characters, actions, and time, as well as themes such as waiting, love, feminine sensuality, or alcohol. Notable works include “Moderato cantabile” (1958), “The Rapture of Lol V. Stein” (1964), “The Vice-Consul” (1966), “The Disease of Death” (1982), “Yann Andréa Steiner” (1992), a tribute to her late companion Yann Andréa who later served as her literary executor, and “Écrire” (1993).
She achieved great public acclaim with the novel “L’Amant,” winning the Prix Goncourt in 1984. This is a form of autobiographical fiction, detailing her sexual and romantic encounters during her adolescence in Indochina in the 1930s. In 1991, she rewrote this work under the title “L’Amant de la Chine du Nord.
As a cinephile, I’ve got a fascinating tidbit to share: Back in 1959, I penned the screenplay and dialogues for the film “Hiroshima mon amour,” directed by Alain Resnais. This cinematic masterpiece brought me an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the 33rd Academy Awards. Beyond that, I’ve also directed my own original films.
19. Alice Munro
Alice Munro, born Alice Ann Laidlaw on July 10, 1931 in Wingham, Ontario, Canada, is a celebrated English-speaking writer residing in Canada. Primarily known for her short stories, which often feature interconnected female characters set in Ontario or British Columbia from the 1940s up until the present day, Munro has been praised by literary critics for several years as a potential Nobel laureate. On October 10, 2013, she was officially awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for her mastery of the contemporary short story, as recognized by the Swedish Academy.
20. J.K. Rowling
Born on July 31, 1965, in Yate, South Gloucestershire, Joanne Rowling is a renowned British author and screenwriter who goes by the pen names J.K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith. She achieved global fame for her Harry Potter series, which has been translated into almost eighty languages and sold over 500 million copies worldwide.
Stepping from humble beginnings, I penned my initial tale at the tender age of six. Following my studies at the University of Exeter and the Sorbonne, where I earned a degree in French literature and philology, I spent some time working for Amnesty International before teaching English and French. At the ripe age of twenty-five, I began crafting the foundational ideas and institutions of a magical realm, within which an orphaned child unveiled not only his sorrowful lineage but also his innate abilities as a sorcerer.
In a challenging time marked by hardship and melancholy, J.K. Rowling penned her debut novel, “The Philosopher’s Stone,” which was published by Bloomsbury in 1997. This masterpiece captivated readers of all ages and garnered acclaim from critics, earning Rowling several prestigious literary awards such as the Hugo, Locus, and Bram Stoker prizes. Known for her skill in tackling profound concepts with wit and humor, Rowling often identifies with characters who reside on society’s periphery.
21. Margaret Atwood
Margaret Atwood, hailing from Canada, is renowned as a poet, novelist, and advocate for environmental issues. A versatile literary analyst and campaigner, she has been honored with the Arthur C. Clarke Award and the Prince of Asturias Prize for Literature, among other accolades. Notably, she is a two-time recipient of the highly esteemed Booker Prize, and was additionally a seven-time finalist for the Governor General’s Award, an honor bestowed by the Canadian Prime Minister, taking home the prize on two occasions.
Atwood is a renowned author, both in the realm of fiction and speculative fiction, who continues to thrive today. She is widely recognized for her captivating novels and poetry, but also for her significant advocacy for feminism. From childhood, myths and fairy tales have been among her fascinations, often serving as inspiration for her poetic works.
In my perspective, Margaret Atwood’s literary works echo a persistent and deep-seated worry about the deterioration of Western civilization and its politics, which I believe is reaching critical levels. Her fiction is imbued with a sense of haunting foreboding and prophetic vision, yet not devoid of hopeful glimmers. Culture, satire, and an evolving sensitivity in her writing style across different works are the cornerstones of her artistry. Additionally, she skillfully weaves references to contemporary events and past authors into her narratives.
22. Toni Morrison
Toni Morrison, originally named Chloe Ardelia Wofford, hailed from Lorain, Ohio on February 18, 1931, and breathed her last in New York on August 5, 2019. She was a renowned American writer who contributed to various literary fields such as novels, essays, criticism, plays, librettos, teaching literature, and editing. Her works were recognized with the Pulitzer Prize in 1988 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993, making her the 8th woman and the first black female author to achieve this honor.
23. Doris Lessing
Doris Lessing, born on October 22, 1919, in Kermanshah (Iran) and who passed away on November 17, 2013, at the age of 94, in London, is a renowned British author and the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. She gained fame from her debut work and has authored approximately twenty novels, including the internationally acclaimed “The Golden Notebook” (1962).
Doris Lessing swiftly became known for her passionate and activist writing, particularly regarding Marxism, anti-colonialism, and the fight against apartheid. Although not actively involved in feminism, her work was often associated with the movement. Lessing’s literature is multifaceted. It is heavily influenced by her personal experiences, including her time in Africa, her youth, and her political beliefs. Her style encompasses romance, epic tales, realism, and poetry, which enabled her to tackle a variety of themes such as cultural clashes, racial and ethnic disparities, the struggle between individual morality and societal good, interpersonal and class violence, displacement, or even childhood experiences.
24. Anaïs Nin
Anaïs Nin, born Rose Jeanne Anaïs Edelmira Antolina Nin on February 21, 1903 in Neuilly-sur-Seine (France) and passing away on January 14, 1977 in Los Angeles, was a writer of French and American heritage. Her parents were from Cuba. She gained fame due to the publication of her extensive diaries that span over several decades, providing profound glimpses into her personal life and relationships. The unfiltered version of her diaries could not be released until after both her and her husband’s demise. Furthermore, she was one of the pioneering women in getting erotic literature published.
25. Selma Lagerlöf
Selma Lagerlöf, a renowned Swedish author, is celebrated both nationally and internationally for her significant contributions to literature. In 1909, she became the first woman ever to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, and four years later, she was admitted as the first female member of the Swedish Academy. Throughout her career, Lagerlöf penned a variety of works, encompassing spiritual themes, imaginative tales, and stories with a domestic focus, in addition to children’s literature. One of her most beloved works, titled “The Marvelous Journeys of Nils“, was first published in 1906/1907.
26. Elfride Jelinek
Born on October 20, 1946, in Mürzzuschlag, Elfriede Jelinek hails from Austria. In 2004, she was honored with the Nobel Prize for Literature. Her literary works, which encompass novels and plays, employ elements of brutality, satire, and incantation to scrutinize and deconstruct societal stereotypes, oppressive social structures, and archaic sexist ideals. Moreover, her work criticizes Austria, viewing it as a nation entrenched in its past, particularly its connection to Nazi history.
From 1974 to 1991, she was a partisan of the Austrian Communist Party. She frequently clashed with far-right extremists (whose names share a rhyme with “dirt” in Czech), as well as powerful women. She has consistently taken a confrontational stance against the ideologies and persona of ex-FPÖ leader Jörg Haider.
27. Marguerite Yourcenar
Born on June 8, 1903, in Brussels (Belgium), Marguerite Yourcenar (originally Marguerite Cleenewerck de Crayencour) passed away on December 17, 1987, in Bar Harbor, Maine (USA). A versatile figure in French literature, she became an American citizen in 1947. She was not only a novelist and memoirist but also a poet, translator, essayist, and literary critic. Her significant achievements include being the first woman elected to the Académie Française in 1980.
28. George Sand
George Sand, originally known as Amantine Aurore Lucile Dupin de Francueil who later became Baroness Dudevant by marriage, was a prominent French author, playwright, essayist, letter writer, and journalist born in Paris on July 1, 1804. She passed away at the Château de Nohant-Vic le June 8, 1876. Known for her extensive literary output, she penned over 70 novels and compiled approximately 50 volumes of various works such as short stories, plays, political essays, and personal narratives.
Similar to Louise Dupin, whom she deeply respected, George Sand was a champion for women’s rights, expressed intense emotions, criticized the institution of marriage, and defied the rigid norms of a traditional society. George Sand stirred up controversy with her tempestuous love affairs, her masculine wardrobe that started a unique fashion trend, and her pen name, which she adopted in 1829.
29. Donna Tartt
Donna Tartt hails from the United States and is a renowned author. Her novel “The Goldfinch” earned her the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in the year 2014. Born in Greenwood, Mississippi, Donna spent her childhood in the neighboring city of Grenada. Guided by an advisory professor, she shifted to Bennington University, Vermont in 1982. It was there that she crossed paths with Bret Easton Ellis and they became friends.
In that period, she commenced drafting her debut novel, initially named “The God of Illusions” but eventually released as “The Secret History” in 1992. This novel garnered significant popularity, shifting over five million copies. Following this, her second novel, “The Little Friend“, hit the shelves in October 2002. Interestingly, the Dutch version of her third novel, “The Goldfinch“, was already available on September 22, 2013, a month before its English release.
30. Hannah Arendt
Hannah Arendt (originally Johanna Arendt, born on October 14, 1906 in Hanover and passed away on December 4, 1975 in New York), was a German-American political scientist, thinker, and journalist who gained fame for her studies on political action, totalitarianism, the contemporary era, and historical philosophy. However, it’s important to note that she considered her primary calling to be political theory rather than philosophy, thus identifying herself as a “political scientist” instead of a philosopher.
In the work The Human Condition, she critiques philosophy, particularly political philosophy, by suggesting that much of it since Plato has been a persistent effort to uncover the theoretical basis and practical methods for a complete exit from politics. His writings on totalitarianism are globally recognized, and his political and philosophical ideas hold significant weight in current debates.
One of her most recognized works includes “The Origins of Totalitarianism” (1951), “The Human Condition” (1958) and “On Revolution” (1963). Her book titled “Eichmann in Jerusalem“, published post-trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961, sparked international debate as it delves into the idea known as the ‘banality of evil’.
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2025-05-21 19:18