Personalized Learning’s Next Leap: AI Agents That Identify What You *Don’t* Know

A new multi-agent framework utilizes artificial intelligence to pinpoint skill gaps and deliver targeted learning resources, promising more effective and efficient knowledge acquisition.
![The reconstructed graph stands as testament to the method detailed in reference [3], a lineage traced through careful derivation and iterative refinement.](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.15999v1/imgs/real_data/compare.png)

![During action prediction, the system distills temporal context into a single, recent state [latex]\hat{R}_{t}[/latex], applying it to the current hidden state via adaptive layer normalization before an MLP ([latex]Pred_{A}[/latex]) outputs the predicted action [latex]a_{t}[/latex], effectively prioritizing immediacy in its predictive process.](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.15953v1/x3.png)


![The analysis of nine polarization characteristics reveals that the absolute value of the [latex] |E\_N1/E\_N2| [/latex] ratio is the most significant indicator for classifying synthetic fibers, while cotton is best distinguished by [latex] \chi_{EP2} [/latex] and wool by the imaginary component of [latex] E\_N1/E\_N2 [/latex].](https://arxiv.org/html/2601.15769v1/x5.png)
